The Great Laws Of Nature Indigenous Organic Agriculture

â€Å" Know your farmer, know your food† goes the slogan by organic farmers to promote the consumption of locally grown food through organic frelated to survival and subsistence for many people worldwide. Based on these seven UNESCO criteria, organic farmers’ knowledge would qualify as indigenous knowledge (Sumner, 2006). In resonance with the understanding of organic knowledge as indigenous knowledge, a Canadian documentary video, titled â€Å"the great laws of nature: indigenous organic agriculture† reflects and confirms the concept of indigenous knowledge as organic farmer’s knowledge. The documentary explicates how some indigenous peoples believe that the â€Å"concept of organic† was designed by the creator following the fact that nature lives in harmony with itself without gossips or worries, living side by side with each other without fighting over that piece of land in which they are found. (Williams Ermine, Saskatchewan Elder). Through the act of studying nature, indigenous peoples identified four kinds of plant beings; flowers, grasses, trees and vegetables. They have demonstrated that to each of the plant beings, the creator gave the spirit of life, growth, healing and beauty and each is placed where it will be most beneficial. The believe that everything has life and spirit by the indigenous peoples initiated their concept that plant were put on the earth to look after all living things and everything in the universal has a purpose in its natural state. Thus, man needs toShow MoreRelatedEthics Is A Moral Principle That Governs A Person1265 Words   |  6 Pagesget work done. An example could be cutting down trees, polluting different water resources, and hunting down endangered animals. The question then is â€Å"Is it morally acceptable for farmers to practice slash and burn techniques to clear areas for agriculture? 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Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(142) " on International Civil Aviation besides known as the Chicago Convention, which aircrafts were non allowed to run in the EU after April 2002\." In the 19th century, steam engine, gasoline engine and technological machinery in industry were the chief subscribers for a noisy environment. With the development of Diesel engine, jet engines, addition in usage of faster industrial production machinery including building site machinery and increased volume of route traffic, all aggravated and intensified noise pollution in the 20th century.[ 1 ] Action to cut down environmental noise was non given any precedence when compared to other environmental jobs such as air and H2O pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was argued in the Commission Green Paper that this deficiency of involvement in noise pollution was due to the fact that ‘noise is really much a local job with really varied perceptual experiences in different parts of the community as to the acceptableness of the job ‘ .[ 2 ] However although there was this deficiency of legal involvement in noise pollution, people non merely regarded noise as a constituent that deteriorates the environment but recognised besides that it is ‘unjustifiable intervention and infliction upon human comfort, wellness and the quality of modern life ‘[ 3 ]. Therefore the authoritiess, back in 1969 started modulating noise in assorted legislative acts. The European Commission in the ‘Future Noise Policy ‘ ( Green Paper ) pointed out that All member provinces have similar categorizations of the beginnings of environmental noise related to the different human activities: route traffic, rail traffic, air traffic, industry, civil technology and edifice site activities, recreational activities, out-of-door equipment ( such as gardening equipment ) .2 EC Legislation on Noise: the development of noise ordinance in the EU before the acceptance of the Directive 2002/49/EC Over the past 30 old ages, the EU ‘s environmental policy aims have been presented in Action Programme. The 2nd European Action Programme ( EAP ) 1978 developed the issue of noise suspension. It contained a whole chapter on steps against noise where it sets out risky effects that noise may hold on the human wellness. This EAP pointed out that member provinces have drawn up a figure of ordinances modulating noise emanations. Therefore in order to work out the job of haltering the common market, the community decided to follow an anti-noise policy.[ 4 ] Januaries hold that Community statute law on noise can loosely be divided into two classs. In the first topographic point there are a big figure of directives harmonizing national ordinances on anything from motor mowers to goods vehicles and ordering maximal allowable noise degrees. [ aˆÂ ¦ ] In the 2nd topographic point there is a certain sum of legislative activity in connexion with noise produced by aircrafts.[ 5 ] On the other manus, Miriam Markus-Johansson et Al in Handbook on the Implementation of EC Environmental Legislation, argued that the bing ‘noise control statute law can be divided into four classs: motor vehicles, airplanes, out-of-door equipment, and family contraptions ‘[ 6 ]. However the writers lack to do mention to statute law on railroad and besides industrial noise. Therefore I would state that there are five classs: route conveyance to include railroad besides motor vehicles and the 5th class would be industrial noise. Road Transport Motor vehicles Under EU statute law, motor vehicles are divided in two classs: motor vehicles with at least four wheels and motor vehicles with two- or three-wheel. Noise from motor vehicles with at least four wheels Bing the chief subscriber to environmental noise particularly in urban countries, the European Union sought to harmonize noise demands for route vehicles back in 1970, through Directive 70/157/EC. Add to this the directive introduced bounds on sound degrees of route vehicles and specific processs for mensurating sound degrees of exhaust systems and silencers.[ 7 ] Noise from two and three wheel motor vehicles Mopeds and bikes are another major route traffic noise subscribers chiefly due to reckless driving behavior and / or meddling of the fumes system. Directing 97/24/EC establishes allowable sound bounds from two and three wheel vehicles and demands for exhaust systems, including replacing parts, and provides steps to counter tampering.10 Directing 2001/43/EC regulates noise bounds generated by motor vehicles and dawdlers Surs where the Surs meet the route. ‘These bounds differentiate between vehicle type ( autos, new waves and trucks ) and tyre breadth ( 5 categories ) and will be enforced by including tyre noise trials in EC type-approval certification demands, which must be met for any Sur to be placed on the EU market ‘ .[ 8 ] Railwaies A figure of enterprises where undertaken by the European Commission to restrict railroad noise. It even set up a ‘Railway ‘ working group in order to lucubrate the proficient and economic facets of the decrease of noise emanations from rail conveyance systems.[ 9 ] Directing 96/48/EC on the interoperability of the trans-European high-speed rail system, which has been detailed further through: Commission Decision 2002/735/EC on proficient specifications for interoperability ( TSI ) associating to high-speed turn overing stock Commission Decision 2002/732/EC on proficient specifications for interoperability ( TSI ) associating to high-velocity railroad substructure Directing 2001/16/EC on the interoperability of the conventional trans-European rail system, supplemented by: Commission Decision 2004/446/EC stipulating the basic parametric quantities of the Noise, Freight Wagons and Telematic applications for freight proficient specifications for interoperability referred to in Directive 2001/16/EC Directing 2004/50/EC of 29 April 2004 amending Council Directive 96/48/EC and Directive 2001/16/EC Commission Decision 2006/66/EC refering the proficient specifications for interoperability relating to the subsystem turn overing stock – noise Air Transport Aircraft noise was foremost regulated by the European Commission in 1979 through Directive 80/51/EEC which was followed by Directive 89/629/EEC. The former trades with restrictions of noise emanations from subsonic aircraft registered in the district of member provinces ( which was later extended by Directive 83/206/EEC to include aircrafts from non-EU member provinces but winging to EU finishs ) , while the latter directive prohibited noisy aircraft from being registered in member provinces. Following these two directives was Directive 92/14/EEC which was based on criterions of the International Civil Aviation Organisation ( ICAO ) , to censor the noisiest aircraft from European airdromes, that is, aircrafts covered by Chapter 2 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation besides known as the Chicago Convention, which aircrafts were non allowed to run in the EU after April 2002. You read "Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" Another directive based on one of ICAO ‘s declarations is Directing 2002/30/EC where it applies the rule of balanced attack to resound direction around airdromes. This attack comprises four chief elements: decrease of aircraft noise at beginning, land-use planning and direction steps, noise suspensions operational processs and runing limitations.[ 10 ] Outdoor Equipment The EU Commission drew up at least seven directives covering noise from assorted out-of-door equipment, whereby it regulated allowable noise degrees, noise degree taging affixed on the equipment, and noise measurings criterion of about 57 points ( i.e. 63 types of machinery ) . To simplify affairs the European Parliament and Council adopted Directive 2000/14/EC associating to resound emanation in the environment from equipment for usage out-of-doorss. The chief characteristics of this directive are ‘harmonisation of noise emanation bounds and criterions, harmonization of conformance appraisal processs, harmonization of noise degree marker and digest of informations on noise emanations ‘ .[ 11 ] Industrial Noise Industrial noise is covered by the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control ( IPPC ) Directive 96/61/EC whereby member provinces ‘ governments must take the issue of noise into consideration when publishing licenses to operators of the big industrial and agricultural installings. This directive is applicable besides to bing installings that are to undergo a significant change.15 Family Appliances Noise Although the directing relating with this type of noise is rather recent and has been regulated for after Directive 2002/49 EC came into force, I think it is of import to do a speedy mention to this directive. ‘Directive 2005/32/EC established a model for the scene of eco-design demands for energy-using merchandises, provides criterions and processs regulating the proviso of accurate information on the noise degree of family application ‘ .[ 12 ] The Salient Features of Directive 2002/49/EC The range of this directive is to modulate environmental noise to which worlds are exposed in built-up countries, in public Parkss or other quiet countries†¦[ 13 ] However, this directive does non use to resound that is caused by the open individuals himself, noise from domestic activities, noise created by neighbors, noise at work topographic points or noise indoors means of conveyance or due to military activities in military countries.[ 14 ] Article 3 ( a ) of the Environmental Noise Directive ( END ) define environmental noise as unwanted[ 15 ]or harmful out-of-door sound created by human activities, including noise emitted by agencies of conveyance, route traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from sites of industrial activity.[ 16 ] The purpose of this directive is to specify a common attack intended to avoid, prevent or cut down on a prioritised footing the harmful effects[ 17 ], including irritation, due to exposure to environmental noise. Further aims of the said directing include that information on environmental noise and its consequence is made available to the populace, there is to be noise function and besides the acceptance of action programs by the Member States. This leads me to the outstanding characteristic of END. Noise function Directing 2002/49/EC set up the construct of strategic noise function whereby appraisal is made in an country which is exposed to resound due to different noise beginnings. This is extremely regulated under Annex IV of the said Directive. By 18 July 2005 member provinces were to do available to the public information sing which is the competent authorization to pull the noise maps. Furthermore, from 30 June 2005 and thenceforth every five old ages, member provinces are to inform the Commission of the major roads which have more than six million vehicle riders a twelvemonth, railroads which have more than 60,000 train rider a twelvemonth, major airdromes and the agglomerations with more than 250,000 dwellers within their district. By 30 June 2007, strategic noise maps demoing the state of affairs of the predating twelvemonth were to be drawn up – the first phase. Then we have the 2nd phase, 30 June 2008, where once more member provinces were to inform the Commission of agglomeration with more than 100,000 dwellers, major roads with three million vehicles, major railroads with 30,000 rider and airdromes remained unchanged. Then by 30 June 2012 another set of strategic noise maps are to be drawn up demoing the sta te of affairs in the old calendar old ages. Noise maps must be reviewed, and revised if necessary, every five old ages.[ 18 ] Action programs Action programs are aimed at pull offing noise issues and effects, including noise decrease if necessary. They must run into the minimal demands set out in Annex V to the Directive. Not subsequently than 18 July 2008, action programs must be drawn up for major roads which have more than six million vehicle transitions a twelvemonth, railroads which have more than 60,000 train transitions per twelvemonth, major airdromes and agglomerations with more than 250,000 dwellers. Add to this, non subsequently than 18 July 2013, another set of action programs must be drawn up for all major agglomerations, major airdromes, major roads and major railroads. The action programs are to be reviewed when a major development occurs impacting the bing noise state of affairs, and at least every five old ages. Through the action program, the competent authorization is to pull off noise issues in mapped countries and besides protect quiet countries against an addition in noise.[ 19 ] Information for the citizen Member provinces are to guarantee that a public audience is organised and the consequences thereof are taken into history before the action programs are approved. Member provinces are to guarantee that the strategic noise maps and the action programs are made available and disseminated to the populace in conformance with Annex IV and V to Directive 2002/49/EC, thereby affecting the citizens. Decision What is the chief differentiation between the directives prior to Directive 2002/49/EC and Directive 2002/49/EC itself? For more than 30 old ages, European noise policy consisted chiefly of repairing maximal sound degrees through statute law with a position to finish the individual market. As such this has non been conceived as portion of an overall environmental noise abatement plan. As already pointed out, the directives dealt with motor vehicles, aircraft, trains and railroad, industrial machinery and family contraptions. On the other manus, Directing 2002/49/EC does non put maximal degrees of noise but aims to supply a common footing for undertaking noise jobs across the EU, therefore switching from pollution control to pollution bar[ 20 ]i.e. it seeks to harmonize noise indexs and portray the information in the signifier of noise maps and do such information available to the populace. The member states competent governments ( in Malta being the MEPA ) are to pull up strategic noise maps for major roads, railroads and airdromes and agglomerations utilizing consonant noise indexs.[ 21 ]Therefore th is directive ‘does non seek to put common Europe-wide noise bounds ‘ but ‘it will organize the footing for end puting for betterment at the EU degree and for the development of an EU scheme including steps ‘ .[ 22 ] I believe that the End came approximately because during the past 15 old ages or more there was no important betterment in exposure to environment noise particularly route traffic noise. The enlargement of high velocity rail and growing in air conveyance besides played their portion to farther addition environmental noise.[ 23 ]‘The Numberss of people populating in so called ‘grey countries ‘ has increased. It has been estimated that around 20 per centum of the Union ‘s population or shut to 80 million people suffer from noise degrees that scientists and wellness experts consider to be unacceptable. Additionally over the past two decennaries leisure activities and touristry have created new musca volitanss and new beginnings of noise ‘ .[ 24 ] Thankss to statute law and technological advancement important decreases of noise from single beginnings have been achieved. For illustration the noise from single autos has been reduced by 85 % since 1970 and the noise from lorries by 90 % . Likewise for aircraft footmark around an airdrome made by a modern jet has been reduced by a factor of 9 compared to an aircraft with 1970s engineering. Another cardinal differentiation is that of shared duty between the Community and Member States. The green paper back in 1996 held that The local nature of noise jobs does non intend that all action is best taken at local degree, as beginnings of noise are non ever of local beginning.[ 25 ] How to cite Environmental Legislation And Policy Of The Eu Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Importance of English Language Fluency in Business Communication

Question: Discuss about theImportance of English Language Fluency in Business Communication. Answer: Introduction The research paper depicts of the two vital concepts, used in every aspect of individual lives. It is, the importance of language efficiency, and the implementation of language efficiency, in business strategic policy. Since, the year, 1999, AstraZeneca, started practicing English language as their industrial language, this, effectual business strategy are now been continued by many other modern corporate, to maintain a fair commercial relationship among all the business related communal. There are various differences, and similarities in between the language efficiencies, of respected companies, Microsoft, SAP, etc, which makes each one of them, an identical. Comparison of Two Articles Efficiency Comparing both of the case studies, it has been observed that, language has an important role in every field of life, whether it is a business matter, or personal aspects. Since, English is known to be the most commonly and preferred language of 21st century, it is essential to implement this language efficiency within every individual, to avoid certain professional issues. There are many global companies, such as, Nokia, Nissan, Technicolor, Philips, SAP, and many more, which are known to be as the prsent global association, who uses, efficient English language, as a business advantage (Neeley, Hinds, Cramton, 2012). However, each of the firms possesses identical proficiency in language. A proficient language management helps various organizations to transform language into a key strategic resource of their business. Multinational firms are practicing of maintaining effective language management, especially the English, to maintain several business relationships, with customers, cl ients, vendors, stakeholders, and the other social communities. A strong language practice is helping the entrepreneurs and managers of various organizations, to build a strategic leadership policy. Language management is also involved with various emotional disputes. It creates sustainability in relationship among, the team workers, clients, and other business related people in the association, whereas, inefficiency in English language, results, in various errors in business communication along with production of the companies. Comparison of Two Articles Staffs Communication Communication in between the co-workers, employees, customers, and the rest socials, needs proficient language fluency. Swedish Astra along with British Zeneca, recognized English, to be their commercial language, since the year, 1999, whereas, there are some new global multinational corporate, named, Microsoft, Daimler AG, Alcatel-Lucent, Rakuten, SAP, etc, who are practicing implementation of proper English fluency, as the major key recourse in their business communication. Miscommunication in between the staffs is one of the major consequences of inefficient language fluency (Hinds, Neeley, Cramton, 2014). The modern firms are committing to build fluency in English language, to avoid certain business errors, such as, lack of proper information to the team workers, lack of proper learning opportunities, splitting several business meetings, and so on. Staffs are not able to perform the regular basis work, in the desired manner, nor getting exact information, just because of a misco mmunication between the senior management team. There remains a loss of collaboration among the employees and the manager, which results in various organizational mistakes. The lack of proper communication, due to the inefficient language fluency, within the staffs, creates a gap in between the co-workers, for which, several workings are been processed in an unmanned way, and sometimes, undone. Conclusion The research study concludes, of various identification, and observations, of practicing an effectual English language in several commercial fields. Most of the new traders and businessmen are following, a lingua franca, which is known to be as the common language, used for the companys global expansion, and maintenance of staff collaboration, throughout domestic and international limitations. Fluency of English language has been recognized as the major strategy of the professionals, to reach their particular organizational goal. References Hinds, P., Neeley, T., Cramton, C. (2014). Language as a lightning rod: Power contests, emotion regulation, and subgroup dynamics in global teams. link.springer.com. Retrieved 27 February 2017, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/jibs.2013.62#enumeration Kroon, D. P., Cornelissen, J. P., Vaara, E. (2015). Explaining employees reactions towards a cross-border merger: the role of English language fluency.Management International Review,55(6), 775-800. Neeley, T., Hinds, P., Cramton, C. (2012). The (Un)Hidden Turmoil of Language in Global Collaboration. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 27 February 2017, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009026161200040X Tenzer, H., Pudelko, M. (2015). Leading across language barriers: Managing language-induced emotions in multinational teams.The Leadership Quarterly,26(4), 606-625.

Millennials and Money Essays - Economy, Finance, Money,

Millennials and Money In today's world, most millennials in America have either attended public school, or they are in public school. The norm is that, after graduation, they would go on to college to further their education and advance in their dream career. Many millennials think the key to financial success is high academic performance, but really the key to financial success is learning and practicing financial literacy. Financial literacy is being educated on how money works. One may ask what money is:moneyis any verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services; itis a medium of exchange for value. So, for money to work; one must know how to grow, manage and invest money wisely. Many millennials think getting a job with good pay and a fixed income is financial success, but soon they are challenge with the fact that their income is only coming though one source and if they become unemployed then they are in deep financial trouble. To truly have financial success you must have at least four sources of passive income, money that works for you. Wealthy people have assets that bring income, such as real estate, bonds, forex, stock, commodities, and derivatives. They also understand the difference between an asset and a liability. Assets put money in one's pocket, while liability takes money away from an individual. For example: leasing a house is a liability because it takes money from an individual, but owning a franchise is an asset because it puts money into a person's pocket. Money can bring Power, Freedom, and Security. Since these three things cannot be seen nor heard, this means being financially successful is really a mindset. To be financially free, you must first learn and practices these five traits.First you must control your expenses, especially by limiting your purchase on things that you want and only buy things you need so you can save one-tenth of your income for investments. Secondly,focus on profitable investments. Invest in something that is reasonable for you do not start putting your money in things you know nothing about or else you may lose everything. Thirdly,guard your investments from loss, by understanding how much risk you are taking before you invest. This is so important because, you will know your chances of profiting or losing it all. Most millennials who invest in stocks insure their investments by hedging it, and millennials who invest in properties normally put it under a cooperation's name, so that if the investment goes wrong, they will not be personally liable to their creditors. Fourthly insure a future income: when you are old, it is harder to find a job or even being able work. It is important to have passive income so that you and your family will not have to worry about how to pay the bills, instead you live financially free. Lastly, increase your ability to earn: do not spend all your profits from your investment on liabilities, instead use twenty percent of the profits to invest in more assets. This is how you multiply your wealth. I began investing though laying this virtual stock market game by myself, at first it was hard finding the perfect stock to invest my money, plus, I had to develop a strategy that shows me how long I will keep the stock; how much money to put in, and my backup plan just in case something fails. Even though it is fake money, I am practicing, so that when it is time to go live, I am prepared for it. To achieve my own financial success in ten years time, my dream is to invest in stock, commodities, derivatives, real estate, and mainly start my own private equity fund operating companies through leveraged buyout, venture capital, and growth capital. With the help of this scholarship I will further achieve my goals majoring in finance and teaching millennials about financial literacy.

Necessity Never Made a Good Bargain Essays

Necessity Never Made a Good Bargain Essays Necessity Never Made a Good Bargain Paper Necessity Never Made a Good Bargain Paper Necessity Never Made a Good Bargain John Steinbeck The Pearl is a story about a poor Indian, Kink, who finds a massive pearl. Kink plans to sell this pearl and pay for his sons education. He also plans to have a wedding in the church. Kink needs this money. Therefore when he shows his pearl to the buyers, the buyers have complete control. Kink can only make as much as the buyers pay. The buyers are all working together, so Kink Is going to get cheated. John Steinbeck once said, l know this A man got to do what he got to do (www. Goodness. Com). Kink has to sell the pearl, because he needs the money. Since It Is necessary to sell the pearl, Kink must settle. Kink however does not settle and In the end he loses his son and throws the pearl back Into the water. Necessity proves no help to Kink and so he makes no money. Pawn shops are handy when someone needs quick cash. Often people who go to a pawn shop are rather desperate for cash. Pawn shops use this to their advantage. People bring items in that the shop owner can purchase from them. The shop offers the seller a low price for the item they are trying to sell. In this situation beggars cant be choosers (anonymous). Most of the time the seller accepts the price and test ripped off However, they accept this, because they know they need the money and they have no other way to get it. Hotels have also caught on to this idea. They claim their hotel room mini bar is for the guests convenience; yet they make the prices of these items much higher than their value. People will get something out the mini bar when they need it. These people must pay the hotel twice as much simply because the item was a necessity. Necessity sometimes robs people, other times it is a good thing. When a soldier rushes onto the battle field, they need to be brave. Time has roved that soldiers fight better when they fight for a cause they believe in. When the soldiers are fighting for something they want very badly or need, they have do not fear death. Caucus Saluting Crisps wrote a book about the war of Catalina in it he said, Necessity makes even cowards brave (Assault 58). When people need a revolution or change, they know they must fight for it. People who would not normally fight are now willing to risk their lives because they need the change. The slaves of Haiti were able to overthrow the French and British armies because they were not afraid. They needed to win the war or they would be killed.

How To Monetize Your Content Marketing With Gini Dietrich

How To Monetize Your Content Marketing With Gini Dietrich You’re already putting a lot of time and energy into creating great content. So wouldn’t it be great if it could be making even more money for you? And it would be even better if you knew before you even posted it that it would be successful. When it comes to monetizing your blog, knowing what is going to appeal to your audience ahead of time is priceless. Today’s guest, Gini Dietrich, founder and CEO of Arment Dietrich, and the  lead blogger of Spin Sucks, is speaking to us today about content monetization. Gini is also the author of the book, Spin Sucks, as well as Marketing in the Round. If you’ve been thinking about how to bring in more money with your content, today’s episode is perfect for you!

Reading response Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading response - Article Example Poets like Yang Wanli (1127-1206) saw the natural environment as an art image brushed using paper and ink. This is the main reason for the utilization of visual images in the poems (Ortiz 257). The Cambridge illustrated history of China is attractive and historically significant. The author applies an integration of economic events and political history, through adequate analysis of; wide cultural changes, political institutions, demographics, religious history, and intellectual history. The author also adequately illustrates the western and the Chinese different perspectives on the past. The songwriters and thinkers were very anxious due to the inability of the Song government to realize adequate military dominance. The individuals who showed the threats of the northern neighbors did not adequately recommend the utilization of foreign styles. They strongly stressed Chinese cultural identity. Han Yu did not embrace Buddhism in china, because it was not Chinese or indigenous (151). Shie Jie explained that it was not appropriate for the Chinese to abandon their ancestors and the sacrifices provided to them. The controversial issues related to Chinese culture loyalty were ana lyzed by the song painters and also poets by the depictions of common stories of women of Chinese origin, forced to reside with the barbarians (Ebrey 150). Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting describes diverse painting approaches; Neolithic petroglyphs images, early silk paintings, paintings of the landscape through the twelfth century literati, and the present day hand strolls. Chinese paintings always illustrates the abilities of enthralling. The book effectively studies the Chinese painting history that covers approximately three thousand years. The book applies several images of Chinese paintings to show historical trends of paintings. The

Strategic mangement for business building success Essay

Strategic mangement for business building success - Essay Example Further analysis in this report will go on to provide both SWOT and PEST analysis besides providing recommendations on the different ways through which the company can be improved to be exclusively competitive so as to acquire an advantage above the other companies offering similar structure of business within the same market. The production of crisps has been on the rise in the British market due to the increase in consumption of the vegetable crisps. Despite the clarified state of facts that UK has recorded increased consumption of crisps, study shows that close to six billion packets of the crisps are consumed annually in the United Kingdom alone thereby making the business more successful due to the high rates of consumption of its products. This report will be dealing with the understanding that the crisps company has been seen as highly competitive as observed from the perspective of the Tyrrells Company. The Company was founded in a court farm owned by the Tyrrells family in a place known as Herefordshire in the year 2002. It has always been recognized by a large base of customers for the types of tasty crisps that are hand cooked as well as vegetable crisps. The company also manufactures other relevant products that have witnessed an encouraging level of approval from the customer base within the market including savoury nibbles, popcorns and other premium snacks that are distributed around a large market through more than one country. The company has been distributing their products to many distributors and stores in the United Kingdom through distribution channels which have also been expanded into an international business venture supplying other markets such as France, North America, Netherlands and Germany amongst other large market bases around the world. This company has employed close to 270 employees and the company has managed to generate more than 100 million pounds in their retail sales and

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Media Studies Help Essay

Polymers :: essays research papers

Polymers are large molecules composed of smaller molecules called monomers. Monomers are produced and either grow together or are assembled to produce a single polymer. There are synthetic and natural polymers. Some examples of natural polymers would be wood, starches, fingernails, and hair. Synthetic polymers are usually referred to as plastics. Petroleum, is the primary monomer used to produce polymers. An English chemist named Alexander Parkes was the first scientist to produce the first synthetic polymer in 1862. John Wesley Hyatt, an American, was the first person to produce a useable polymer two years later. He named the product celluloid. The prime virtue of polymers is a high strength-to-weight ratio. Industrial-strength polymers surpass titanium in tensile strength. To add strength and improve flexibility, polymers are sometimes fortified with short-fiber additives, mostly fiberglass. This is known as a polymer composite. One particular polymer has three times the strength of tempered steel and is being used in bullet proof vests. Another composite will be used to fasten together the sections proposed space stations. Polymers have also been used in cars, including the Chevrolet Camaro and the Pontiac Fiero. New polymers are being created with more strength and flexibility by combing two chemically different polymers and producing a block copolymer. Combinations of block copolymers and composites and intended for use in booster rockets and in materials of Earth-orbiting installations. Most common polymers are usually solid, but a new class of polymers is being introduced in a liquid crystal state. Although these polymers still have the physical characteristics of liquid, they are structured more like solids. Many liquid crystals are transparent at one temperature and colored at another temperature. This makes them suitable for use in liquid crystal displays, such as in digital watches, hand-held calculators, and lap-top computers. A new liquid polymer, consisting of a mixture of iron and nickel, is being used to make metal links that can be used in paper, glass, and on electronic circuit boards. Despite the development and widespread use of

My Favorite pace

My Favorite Place My favorite place is very general. It is very peaceful, and is full of nature. So the beach is my Favorite place that I always like to spend my time there, especially one vacation during summer. I still Remember the time I went to the Sihanouk Ville beach for a week, and people another countries, people In Cambodia enjoy going there So Much. As it a common on place to visit, it is a good place for people who ant to spend time on vacation for relaxing with fresh air and enjoy eating fresh seafood.These are also the reason why I like to go there. In additional, there are many more reason that I really like about going to the beach. For the first thing, I love the summery at the beach it is as beautiful as the painting of an arties. I can see a huge, endless sea, and the horizon between it. And the beautiful, bright, blue sky. It could not stop me from taking pictures of this beautiful view. A1 so, I like to have my picture taken when i go to there as well.Beside this, there are fresh air at the beach. Which I like from the beach. I can smell the salt air and fell it through have moving my clothes and hair back and forth. It is a helpful fresh air which is excellent for our health, as the doctor has comment def. I like sitting on the beach looking to the sea and taking long breath to get the fresh air in and out. Sometime smell of seafood grill passes through my noes while some mellers work around selling them.This smell makes stop to buy all those grill seafood. I am really want to eating seafood there because they are fresh and so yum. Looking forward to the sea, I can hear the other hand. It is a quiet place at night. Through the darkness, I can see the brightness of the moon and stars in the sky and hear the sound of the sea waves. I love to lie down in the night at the beach looking at them because they give me calm and peaceful.

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy

Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light absorbed by different concentrations of salicylic acid, compare those concentrations to our unknown sample and to use the data collected to compile a graph showing the levels of absorbance of the different concentrations. Methods and materials: In this lab we used a spectrophotometer, a test tube filled with water to be used as a blank, six test tubes with different concentrations of salicylic acid ranging from 0 mg/dL to 5 mg/dL and one test tube with an unknown concentration of salicylic acid.We set the spectrophotometer to a wavelength of 540 nm. We adjusted the transmittance to 0%. Next we placed the test tube with the water into the spectrophotometer and adjusted the transmittance dial to 100%. We removed the test tube containing the water and replaced it with the first concentration of 0 mg/dL. We recorded the absorbance and repeated the test for a total of 5 reading s. We did this for each concentration. We then calculated the average of each concentration’s absorbance readings and plotted the averages onto the graph.Once we had gathered the data for our known concentrations we then repeated the procedure for our unknown concentration. We again took the average and plotted that on the absorbance curve to determine the concentration of the unknown. Observations and Data: Calibration Standard| Absorbance Reading 1| Absorbance Reading 2| Absorbance Reading 3| Absorbance Reading 4| Absorbance Reading 5| AverageAbsorbance Reading| 0 mg/dL| 0. 007| 0. 010| 0. 007| 0. 005| 0. 006| 0. 07| 0. 5 mg/dL| 0. 032| 0. 036| 0. 037| 0. 041| 0. 038| 0. 037| 1. 5 mg/dL| 0. 098| 0. 100| 0. 098| 0. 099| 0. 096| 0. 098| 2. 5 mg/dL| 0. 150| 0. 149| 0. 153| 0. 154| 0. 150| 0. 151| 3. 5 mg/dL| 0. 234| 0. 239| 0. 237| 0. 250| 0. 229| 0. 238| 5. 0 mg/dL| 0. 286| 0. 287| 0. 288| 0. 292| 0. 291| 0. 289| Unknown A| 0. 241| 0. 238| 0. 239| 0. 241| 0. 241| 0. 239| Base d on the data from the known concentrations I found our unknown to be a concentration of 3. mg/dL. Conclusions: We used a spectrophotometer to determine the concentration curve for the known samples then used both the spectrophotometer and the concentration curve to determine the concentration of the unknown sample. This technique can be used by toxicologists to determine the amount of drugs in a person’s blood. This can be helpful if there was an overdose or if the district attorney needed to know the concentration of drugs in someone’s system.

book review on Mancur Olsons essays

book review on Mancur Olson's essays Mancur Olson, wrote The Logic of Collective Action Public Goods and The Theory of Groups, throughout the book Olson discusses such topics rationality, group size and group behaviour, public goods, free rider, collective action problem, and selective incentives. Olsons world-renowned book is full of useful knowledge and opinion concerning world politics. After reading this valuable text I feel both enlightened and baffled concurrently. Olsons beliefs in the political system seem to be without the human factor. His theories appear to leave out the complexity of the human psyche. Olson fails to analyze the fact that people may join a political group for such things as social stature, socialization, or just for something to do. In conjuncture with Olsons theories, people join or start groups for specific reasons. Olson states that one purpose for groups and organizations is simply the furtherance of the interests of their members (Olson 5). Groups are usually formed to further an issue or goal, so thus if a group works toward a common interest and is successful in making advancements towards that interest, in theory the members should be pleased. This brings us to the term public or collective goods. A collective good can be construed as a good held by no single person and shared by a group. Olson says, . . . the achievement of any common goal or the satisfaction of any common interest means that a public or collective good has been provided for that group (Olson 15). For example, if the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) lobby for a bill that protects the killing of minks for fur, then that bill has become a collective good for PETA. Collective goods are in essence the achievements made by a group. Olson discusses in his book the theory of pluralism. In Chapter five he defines pluralism as the political philosophy which ...

Science Fair Project Ideas That Use Salt and Sugar

Science Fair Project Ideas That Use Salt and Sugar Here are ideas for science fair projects you can do using salt or sugar: How is the speed of sound affected by the salinity of water?Investigate the different types of salt used as de-icing agents. Which is the most cost-effective? Safest for the environment? Best at preventing ice formation? Under what condition?Grow table salt crystals. How is crystal formation affected by the  rate of cooling? Saturation of the starting solution? Other factors? Other crystals you can test include sugar crystals and Epsom salt crystals.You can make a density column by making solutions with different concentrations of sugar. How is the index of refraction affected by the concentration of sugar? Can you relate the angle by which light is bent to the concentration of the solution? Is the angle by which light is bent affected by the temperature of the solution?Which material increases the conductivity of tap water best? salt, sugar, or baking soda? What happens if you change the concentration of the solution?There are many types of salt available at most grocery stores, i ncluding table salt, rock salt, and sea salt. Other salts you can find include Epsom salts, potassium chloride (lite salt), and baking soda. Which type of salt works best for making ice cream in a baggie? When you crush sugar crystals you can cause them to emit light. This is an example of triboluminescence. Examine triboluminescence of sugar crystals, Wint-o-Green Lifesaversâ„ ¢, and other candies. Which produces the brightest spark? Does the ability to produce light seem affected by other facts, such as humidity?

Crisis Intervention Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Crisis Intervention Lesson Plan - Essay Example 1). The primary goal of crisis intervention is to "help subjects in crisis defuse their emotions, lowering the potential for violence in an incident and buying time for better decision making and tactical preparations" (Regini, 2004, p. 1). Crisis negotiations is not a solution to ones problems rather it is a means to calm the subject enough to find other short term means of coping with their perceived stressors short term to end the current crisis situation with minimal force. Before discussing specific instances where crisis intervention is utilized, a brief understanding of the key skills involved in crisis intervention will be outlined as follows: empathy, active listening, being nonjudgmental, and setting of boundaries, the ability to restate the subject's often emotional ideas and thoughts, and problem solving skills. One of the basic tenets of crisis intervention understands and recognizing the range of motions involved in crisis situations. To one degree or another each of us has experienced fear, rejection anger, frustration and depression. This basic human understanding coupled with the skill set listed previously and a police officers tactical knowledge will enable him to effectively deal with a crisis situation. Em Empathy is not a static behavior nor is it merely showing sympathy or pity for the subject's actions or situation. Empathy involves both listening and understanding the subject's current situation. It does not mean that there is necessarily agreement or disagreement merely understanding. The goal of empathy is to develop a means of communicating which enables the subject to develop trust. According to Regini (2004) without some level of trust between the police officer and the subject there can be no peaceful resolution of the situation. To achieve this trust, it becomes obvious the empathy involves the use of active listening skills in order to facilitate the bond between the police officer and the subject. As the term implies, active listening is more than listening to the subject and nodding in approval. Active listening requires demonstrated behaviors by the officer. Without communication no trust can develop; therefore, active listening involves engaging the subject into communication and maintaining that communication. Allowing the subject to vent eases the emotions the situation and begins to allow him to focus on dealing with the short term problem, not escalating the current situation. One of the primary techniques of active listening is reflection - restating what the subject has said and the emotions that are interlaced with it. According to Regini (2004) the FBI has found eight strategies of active listening all of which involve reflection that have proven to be very effective in diffusing a highly charged, volatile situation. These include: Emotion Labeling Paraphrasing Reflecting/Mirroring Effective Pauses Minimal Encouragers 'I' Messages Summarization Open-ended questions/statements (p. 3). One of the most critical aspects of developing trust through empathy is the ability

What is meant by conservative vs. non-conservative amino acid Essay

What is meant by conservative vs. non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a protein, what are the possible implications of each, including a possible impact upon nutrition - Essay Example On the other hand a non conservative amino acid substitution brings about a change in the protein. There is a remarkable change in the position, shape and other attributes of the amino acid arrangement. Non Conservative amino acid substitutions result in changes in the protein which can be described as mutations. Occurrence of mutations may cause malfunctioning of the protein (Krawczak, 48). Many chemical changes cause damage to the DNA. There are different mutations that affect the functioning of the gene in different ways. Because of this abnormalities in body and blood function such as sickle cell anemia can be witnessed. Mutations can block protein synthesis, disrupt transcription and splicing, produce protein products that are truncated, and generally disrupt the functioning of proteins (Krawczak, 47). Mutations affect the functioning of red blood cells so that transportation of oxygen to the cell becomes very difficult. Body nutrition is therefore adversely affected (Chasman, 6 90). Chasman Dennis. and Adams Ramney. Predicting the functional consequences of non- synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms: structure-based assessment of amino acid variation.  J. Mol. Biol.,307, 2001, 683–706. Krawczak Mariam., Ball Egler. Fenton Insar., Stenson Pardy, Abeysinghe Sam., Thomas Nick. and Cooper Dick. Human gene mutation database-a biomedical information and research resource.  Hum. Mutat.,  15, 2000,

Research paper on Libya Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

On Libya - Research Paper Example The second event which marked the Italian colonialization of Turkey was the development of the Fourth Shore. Mussolini wanted to turn Libya into an Italian province and hence renamed it, Italy’s Fourth Shore. Remaking Libya began with dividing it into four provinces and investing heavily into its transportation infrastructure, irrigation technology and raw material extraction industry. It finally ended with the creation of the Libyan Colonization Society which promoted land reclamation and job creation for Italian settlers. As World War II began, and Italy pledged its allegiance to Germany, Cyrenaican and Tripolitanian leaders announced their support to the Allies led by Sayid Idris. After a tough war, Libya came under the Allied administration, in February 1943, which lasted till 24th December 1951, when Libya became the first country to attain autonomy through the United Nations. Headed by King Idris I, United Kingdom of Libya proclaimed its sovereignty as a constitutional a nd hereditary monarchy. Present Leader: The present president of Libya is Mohammed el-Megarif, who is also the chairman of the General National Congress. Current Political Context: 10 months after overthrowing Muammar Gaddafi’s dictatorial rule, Libya elected its new democratic government in August 2012, which was to be led by Mohammed el-Megarif. While Mohammed el-Megarif represented the National Front Party, in the elections, his opponent Ali Zaidan, was an independent candidate. Both candidates had a lush history of opposing the tyrannical Gaddafi and had been living in exile till his recent death. For the people of Libya who had been wearily waiting for the chaos and turmoil to end, this has come as a cry of relief. For many people, the election process itself has been a liberating experience, having served under a dictatorial leader for so long. The democratically elected government is backed by people’s faith in them and hosts a competent cabinet. Youth who forme d a majority of the voting population, were happy with the election results as they believed that the National Forces Alliance would be able to bring about policy changes in the functioning of Libya. The election results also spoke a great deal about the acceptance of religious ideologies among the general public. The chaos tired citizens chose to stay away from any candidate gunning a religious propaganda and the results promoted a fair and free government. Nonetheless, the government seeks to establish itself in the midst of the ongoing turmoil and in the attempt to ascertain peace and stability; it has to earn people’s respect by providing them security both physical and material, at the same time bring together opposing forces of the militia to build a stronger base. Economics & Art/Culture Sub-Heading: Libya – Holder of largest oil reserves in Africa Currency: Libyan Dinar (LYD) Major Economic Features: Libya holds Africa’s largest oil reserves and hence, i ts major products are crude oil, natural gas and refined petroleum products. The country revolves around its energy sector because poor soil and unsuitable climatic conditions limit the output that is gained from agriculture. According to CIA’s World Factbook, â€Å"95% of export earnings, 80% of GDP, and 99% of government revenue†

History Of Penguin Paperback Books Arts Essay

History Of Penguin Paperback Books Arts Essay Penguin paperback books have become a constantly evolving part of British culture and design history since 1935 when the company was founded by Allen Lane. Lane came up with the concept of mass-producing inexpensive paperback editions of hardback titles. McLean (1952) mentions that the Penguin book venture is a standing reminder to manufacturers that the best is not too good for mass consumption. For the design of the books, Lane wanted to keep a consistent template for all the book covers to follow. He instructed his office Junior, Edward Young to devise a simple horizontal tripartite division of the covers using colours to signify the genre of each book orange for fiction, green for crime, dark blue for biography, cerise for travel and adventure and red for plays (Baines, 2005). The design featured contemporary typefaces at that time. Bodoni Ultra Bold was used for the publishers name Penguin Books and two weights of the relatively new (1927-8) Gill Sans Serif for the contents of the book cover and spine information (Baines 2005). First editions of Penguin paperback books (Adapted from Baines, 2005. p18-19) The fresh and modern appearance of the Penguin book covers was a major contributor to the commercial success. Other British publishers soon realised that design was an important feature for book covers and the demand for highly skilled designers increased (Doubleday, 2006b). Penguins design standards established uniformity and improved the overall aesthetic of books in Britain (Doubleday, 2006b). Despite the unity of their appearance there was twelve main front cover variations with some that contained illustrations. Lanes simple template for the Penguin books is derived to a degree from the Albatross book covers brought about in 1932. These designs were devised by Hans Mardersteig (McLeery, 2006). Lane was often quoted that he was trying to emulate the Albatross collection series which set the standard for early paperback book design (Doubleday, 2006b). Mardersteig designed the covers with the efficient system of colour-coded subject matter. Symmetry and centred sans-serif type placements were a feature. The size chosen for these books were 181 x 112 mm which adhered to the golden section of 1.61. Penguin books initially followed this size format which has become one of the two standard sizes within the paperback book industry, known as A and B format (Baines, 2005). The A format gives the reader a good line length for reading and a suitable compactness of the book (McLeery, 2006). Albatross book cover design series 1932 (Adapted from Genetic Joyce Studies, 2006) The bird inspired name and colophon, bright, plain coloured covers and focus on contemporary titles provided the influence for Lane a captivating standardised cover. Young, who went on to become the production manager at Penguin Books stated: it was time to get rid of the idea that the only people who wanted cheap editions belonged to a lower order of intelligence and that therefore cheap editions must have gaudy and sensational covers. (Joicey, 1993, p4) The classic design and layout of the Penguin books were to undergo a subtle, refined advancement under the direction of Jan Tschichold. Tschichold arrived at penguin in 1946 and asserted a more disciplined approach to the design (British Council Design Museum, 2006). The template for all Penguin books to follow consisted of designated positions for the title and authors name with a line between the two. The most notable change was the replacement of Gill Sans for Bodoni Ultra Bold for the PENGUIN BOOKS publisher title. He also drew the penguin symbol in eight variations. The oval or quartic that contains the publishers name is subtly more elegant and attractive than Youngs [Do a comparison in illustrator]. Some books included an illustration on the central horizontal band as shown on the Pelican book Sailing. Tschicholds Pelican Books follows the standardised layout with the inclusion of illustration and the blue colour that distinguishes Pelican. As Tschichold was already distinguished in the field of typography, great care was taken to optically letter-space all text on the covers and inside the book. Tschicholds experimental layout,left, and the revised design and layout, right (Adapted from Baines, 2005. p56 58) Tschichold studied a theory which claims to provide the most beautiful and harmonious proportions. It is was first documented in a book by Fra Luca Proportione(1509) and is said to have been the method laid down by Phidias, the architect of the Parthenon. It states clear rules of of the division of space. It is known as the Golden Section. The Golden Section is described as an aesthetic phenomenon. It is a division of space omnipresent throughout the universe. This division is an irrational ratio of 0.618:1. It represents every line, every surface, every volume whose elements are arranged in conformity with these proportions reflect the idea of Beauty (Br, 19xx). It has even been linked to the scale and proportion of human anatomy. It is all about expressing harmony. [Golden Section Diagram] The Golden section had great influence on Tschichold in his search for perfection in design and a greater awareness of proportion. He controlled the placement and size of elements with this ratio. The size of Penguin books were close but not precisely equal to the Golden Rectangle. It can be noted by (Br, 19xx) that the Golden Ratio can be substituted by another ratio e.g. 3:5, 5:8, 8:1, 13:21 etc. This is because such small differences are not picked up by the eye and can still be perceived as the Golden Ratio. The Golden section reassures that aesthetics is not subjective. That it is not an individual feeling and more a general taste that can be measured and mapped out. Tschichold commonly expressed the importance of constant adherence to standardised formats and composition rules. Soon after being offered the job at Penguin, Tschichold produced a set of rules known as the Penguin Composition Rules (Doubleday, 2006b) that were to be followed by Penguins typographers and printers to ensure the books followed the same style and that there were no variations. These rules, which ran into four pages long, standardized the formats and typographic specifications and unified the design of the book series (Doubleday, 2006a). Tschichold implemented a coherent grid system in conjunction with the Penguin Composition Rules that set the foundation for the trimmed page area, width and height of each book, visual cover size, type area on cover and spine, position and style of the spine label and lettering on labels for all the Penguin series (Doubleday, 2006). One of Tschicholds grids to control the design and production of Penguin books with detailed instructions (Adapted from Hurlburt, 1978. p70) This above illustration shows that Behind the simplest grid there is often a complex process of analysis (Hurlburt, 1978, p71). Hurlburt cites that many publishers treat the book cover design as a separate entity, often using different designers for the book to encourage advertising. But a better looking product will result when the overall design of a book is considered in the early stages. Magazines and newspapers designers always work in the sizes of the established format (Hurlburt, 1978). On the other a book designer may have the responsibility to select the size of shaped and pages. Also, a concern with the weight and thickness of the book will put a three-dimensional edge on the project. Tschichold identified contrast as the most important important element in all modern design (cited in Hurlburt, 1979, px). Furthermore, Hurlburt (1979) believes that the importance of contrast in the design of layout is very important. He states: The contrasts of dark against light and large against small, the contrast of mood in subject matter, and the punctuation of space in strong accents all contribute to the dramatic presentation of graphic material. (Hurlburt, 1979, px) This element of contrast is clearly evident in Tschicholds work for Penguin books The idea of great literature mass produced and sold cheaply, the famous Penguin slogan Good Books Cheap (Doubleday, (2006b), p24). The brightly coloured contrasts of each genre cover. The separation of the cover into three coloured sections for publisher, book title and author, and logo. The dissimilarity compared to other books on a merchants bookshelf that makes them stand out. The moderate use of then contemporary fonts instead of traditional ones. Doubleday (2006b) reasons Tschicholds main objective at Penguin books: was to synthesize all of the Penguin series with unprecedented quality, distinctiveness, and uniform styling, while at the same time, designating singular individuality and genuine features for each and every book. (Doubleday, 2006b, p45) Rationale Penguin books have been in production for over 70 years and although the cover designs have seen changes from different designers, the Tschichold era remains to be the most studied and the most iconic. Tschichold left a lasting impression on graphic design that few could compete against and undoubtedly set the standard for successful book design. Tschicholds design work and principles while at Penguin, inspires a great standard for design, even for contemporary designers. What was it about the Penguin book covers that made them so successful and in retrospect, a timeless and iconic part of British design history? The two defining achievements for Tschichold and his time at Penguin are the standard typographic conventions of the Penguin Composition Rules and the rigid grid structure that housed the design. The following list summarises Tschischolds achievements while at Penguin: Develop a grid for rigid and consistent use across all platforms. The grid must have distinct planned placements for the different elements and provide balance and uniformity Use the Golden Section to influence proportion Apply typographic standards for continuity Use legible and contemporary typefaces Pay close attention to brand loyalty and do not deviate far from it Use contrast for effective presentation of graphic material and to stand out from competition. Contrasting elements include colour, size and mood. Over the years, other popular culture mediums take shape that require tactile and original design in order to survive in such a competitive market. Many companies choose to re-brand in order to refresh their image due to decline in sales. In popular culture, it is not uncommon to recycle trends. Covers of contemporary media such as computer games have some similarities to book cover design after all, computer games are essentially a more interactive version of story-telling. Like book covers, they require the name of the publisher, the game authors, the title, room for illustration and other elements such as age-rating. A continuous grid structure that separates all these elements is used as well as typographic specifications. This shows a cover for Uncharted for the Sony Playstation 3 gaming console. It is a cover for the platinum range of Playstation games the games that sell a high amount in their first year. The design differs from the original game covers in order to signify its high acclaim in sales. These games are less than half the price of the original games and stand for good value gaming. The grid system used for the range of covers is shown below. [IMAGE] The current design of Playstation Platinum covers is hotly debated. They are deemed ineffective, perhaps because of a grid structure that does not allow for a well-proportioned design. To clarify this, a short questionnaire with a series of eight questions was presented to a number of computer-gaming community based forums. The questions were presented through Survey Monkey(http). The following is a breakdown of the questions with the three most relevant answers contributed. 1.How many hours per day/week do you spend playing computer games? 20 hours a week if I have time too many4 hrs per day 20-25 hours per week 2.Are you bothered by a games cover design? I prefer the cover to look nice, but not really no. A little Bothered no, but they can do catch my eye sometimes. 3.Do you think a games cover design inspires you to purchase it? It might make me want to purchase a game I was already interested in a little more. Impulse buying, Yes no. the game has to be good for me to purchse it. 4.Do you like to collect your game purchases and keep them in good condition? Yes. After all, I worked to buy them. Yes I do like to keep them in good condition. no. I just toss them in a file cabinet to play later. 5.Do you ever buy from the platinum game range? If no, please specify a reason why not for PS3 because of the game covers, but yes for other platforms Not usually, because I like to keep a well organized collection No as the boxart looks out of place with my other games 6.What are your views on the platinum game covers? Plain. Should re-design the covers entirely. They are fine, and allow one to find the cheaper games faster. platinum branding ruins the look 7.Would you prefer to see a better cover design for the platinum range? Possibly modify the colour, reduce the size of the borders. They shouldnt be as conspicuous as they are (e.g. not luminous yellow for EU PS3 platinum covers) yes. Something that shows off the greatness of the game. 8.Would you prefer to see the same cover design for the platinum range but with the price reduction only? No Have some distinction it is a platinum title. yes, however some indication that its platinum range would also be good, maybe a sticker or something id have no covers if it made it cheaper Considering these comments, create an alternative grid structure that will influence better proportions. Practice 1.Taking an accurate measurement of the physical dimensions and a rough idea of the elements to be included e.g. type size, line-height, image sizes. 2.Thinking about the nature and content of the project. Considering how to best present this and the amount of emphasis each element needs. Emphasis is the contrast between elements size, colour, disposition, placement. Used correctly, it should signify hierarchy. 3.Considering which type of grid best suits the project. [ILLUSTRATIONS OF GRIDS AND INFO ON TYPES] 4.Sketching the grid to a closely accurate scale that justifies the division of space and the placement of elements at the co-ordinates. The following image shows a grid using a series of Golden Sections constructed from the dimensions of the cover. There are six Golden Sections reaching from each side of cover. Using the co-ordinates of this grid to position elements may seem unorthodox. There is no sense of continuity and unvarying spatial zones. However, the asymmetrical divisions of the Golden Ratio is the concept of its beauty and harmonious proportions. A Golden Section grid was best suited to this project as it called for irregular proportions and a slightly intuitive placement of the objects. There is a clear hierarchical structure evident in the design. The tripartite division of the cover resembles the Penguin series. The top horizontal division contains the well known Platinum title and is of a modest type size. It casually confirms the highly acclaimed status of the game. The colour choice seemed appropriate to be eponymous to the section. In the bottom horizontal division is the game title, publisher, game authors and age certificate. This division needed to be the largest to house all the objects. The game title has the largest font size as it is the most important characteristic of the game. It is slightly off centre to the right and does not align with any other element. The unevenness gives the cover an edge and emphasizes each element individually. The choice of colour for the bottom division is reminiscent of the Penguin concept to visually signify the genre. It was decided to use a colour system of green for action and adventure, blue for sports, cerise for strategy, red for combat and orange for racing. The font used for the platinum title and game title is FF Blur medium by Neville Brody. Created in 1991, it was chosen for its irregular yet legible appearance that gives it a contemporary aesthetic. Its not too serious and not too playful, which aptly fits the nature of Playstation 3 and the temperament of its users. The font was chosen consistently for the platinum title and game title so that it keeps the range of games on the same level and is clear and lucid to observers on a sales stand. [FF BLUR TYPE] The middle horizontal division contains the non-translucent part of the game illustration. The illustration shows in-game action, like a snapshot of the game-play that encapsulates the greatness of the game. The top and bottom divisions are translucent to support a full cover illustration and provide a constant contrast against the text across all game covers. The middle division is structured as a focal point according the Golden Section and acts as a peer into the game-play. The borders to the left are kept constant with the regular non-platinum game covers. This is to keep an order of continuity in a game-players library. Many mentioned in the questionnaire they are put off buying platinum games because the luminous yellow borders hamper their ordered games library. The overall appearance of the game cover is suggestive of the Penguin covers and what they stand for good games cheap. This is perhaps overlooked by most gamers, however, the design is not intended to be nostalgic. When a project is planned like this it leaves little uncertainty for positions, image sizes etc. In a well structured grid, elements fall into place and the design takes shape more easily. Careful planning of this type can be applied to all mediums of graphic design. Grids for books, posters, magazines, web design etc. call for different grid structures. It depends on the subject matter and how it is to be presented and communicated. When including photography in any piece of design it is necessary to have good composition. Golden Ratio dimensions can to help compose a photography appropriately to achieve a sense of balance and harmony. The following page shows photographs that have been positioned appropriately to Golden Sections within a spatial zone. To do this, a program called PhiMatrix can be used as an aid. It displays a completely customisable Golden Rectangle over any program at any time. The three most important customisable features are the size of the rectangle, the amount of divisions within the rectangle and the style of Golden Rectangle. Although this program is useful for quick mock-ups of Golden Rectangles, it restrains the freedom to move in and out of programs when you want the Golden Rectangle to stay positioned where it is. Also, it does not contain the spiral rectangle. A better solution is to manually draw each type of Golden Rectangle. Begin with a scaled Golden Rectangle by using the Golden Ratio of 1:1.618. If the rectangle is 100mm in height, then it would be 161.8mm in width. To get the first vertical line for the grid do a calculation of 161.80.618 which equals 99.99mm. Make a vertical rule division 99.99mm across. To get the first horizontal rule for the grid do a calculation of 1000.618 which equals 61.8mm. Make a horizontal rule division 61.8mm up. These are the first two lines of the Golden Grid. If you need more lines in the grid for added structural assistance then times 0.618 by the next rule divisions i.e. 99.99mm and 61.8mm. Keeping repeating these steps until there is sufficient spatial zones to work with. For the grid to have a more modular structure, copy and flip the horizontal and vertical lines. For the purpose of positioning photography, four rules should be sufficient as shown. To draw a spiral Golden Rectangle begin by drawing a square and a horizontal halfway line of the square. Locate the point where the halfway line meets the squares edge. Draw a circle from this point with the radius of the distance from the point to the opposite top corner of the square. Extend the square up until it meets the tangent point of the circle. Draw another within the new rectangle division and repeat the process three times for the spiral to emerge. The Golden Ratio is becoming more established as practicable method method in influencing graphic design. It is believed that many logos are influenced by the Golden Section. A fictional Swedish brand was created to use the Golden Ratio to create a logo. The brand is called Skogsr . The idea of the logo was to use three crowns as it is a national emblem of Sweden, present in the Coat of Arms of the Realm of Sweden. The crowns were created using a total six Golden Rectangles that combine to make up one large Golden rectangle. The finished logo was wrapped around a 3D-model of two beer cans using 3DS Max. The beer cans were positioned relative to a Golden Ratio grid. The end result is an example. Evaluation To achieve a successful design solution, the process can be broken down and simplified by use of a grid. When all the necessary information of words and images are composed in a proportionate manner, the design then takes a dynamic form. This is a fundamental part of what design is elements positioned in a beautiful and harmonious system. Considering which elements go where when piecing together a work of images and words can be for the most part an unsure process. Experience and perhaps an innate sense of proportion account for most judgements when weighing up proportion. Essentially, there are two methods in which a designer can take to tackle a design problem using creative intuition about sense of proportion or using a grid for a sense of proportion. Both methods can result in a beautiful and harmonious design solution where all elements have a unique relationship to one another. It may be argued which method is best for the study of graphic design. From the experience gained during the course of this study, it has helped find solutions faster and more efficiently. Evidence shows designing with reference to a planned grid can consistently produce better results (Hurlburt,1978). When an intuitive course of action leads the creative process it could produce sometimes unordered and self-indulgent results. This may hinder the communication purpose of design. On the other hand, a purely pragmatic approach could result in design that lacks originality and flair. Breaking a grid in certain circumstances can be practical but knowing when to do so is import ant Education of design does not really call for a rigid use of grids. This is perhaps because people who seek roles in design are people with creative insight and have an innate sense of balance and proportion. A grid is essentially a combination of horizontal and vertical lines that act as a foundation for the placement of elements. The mind makes these lines when deciding where to place things. A grid can provide these lines and help the mind focus on the objective of communicating design effectively. Hurlburt(1978) states that many highly educated and and contemporary graphic designers can perform without the use of formal grids. Even so in Switzerland and Germany where it is believed grid systems originated. Grids provide a solid framework to work with and can be used in all desktop publishing software. Quite often, effective design ideas come as a correspondence in time between thoughts/moods and the design project at hand. There are times when creative ideas come to mind easily and design solutions are apparent. There times when there is a dry-up of creative flow, possibly as a result of outside forces. During these times a solid framework with which to work is the best course of action. It is comforting that a framework that assists the creative process exists, as graphic design is often thought of as a purely creative line of work that combines knowledge in software and not as a subject where rigid structures exist. Grids provide beautiful harmony and make a design more lucid. It can make a page come alive. They are a guide to, but not a guarantee to effective design and a sensible approach to the design problem. The design work created has laid the foundations for effective future work

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Psalm 25:9: "The humble He guides in justice, And the humble He teaches His way." Good evening ladies and gentlemen, faculty and staff, family, honored guests, and fellow students. Thank you for coming to our graduation services this evening. My name is Rebekah Hoad and I am the Valedictorian for the graduating class of 2006. I am honored and blessed to be the messenger of years gone by and the inspiration of years to come. This is not only a time to receive a diploma but it is an opportunity to celebrate our lives. A time that represents our past childhood and passage into adulthood. As we embark on life's journey, remember to build on the foundation laid by our parents and teachers. Apply what we have learned and embrace God's love to strive for spiritual maturity. For me, the years have gone by faster than I could ever have imagined. I can still remember walking into my first grade classroom, my very first day at Caleb Christian School. Mrs. Cusic was my teacher and I recall her telling me several times that I was not the teacher. Over the years our school has changed. Teach...

Adam Smith the Father of Modern Economics Essay

The article, Adam Smith and the Invisible Hand by Helen Joyce, proved to be interesting reading. Although it was written about three years ago and the man himself lived more than 300 years ago, the man and his theories live on through the 21st century. Before I read the article, I had never heard of Adam Smith, but it appears his ideas have penetrated time. I started doing more research into the man and his theories. In order to understand his theories and how he thought about processes, one must understand his beginnings. Adam Smith was born in Scotland. He attended Glasgow University then Oxford University. It was his experience in this stay at Oxford that was the basis for the vital observations about universities found in The Wealth of Nations. He was selected as the Professor of Logic at Glasgow and later, Professor of Moral Philosophy. He lectured on spirituality, moral principles and political economy. His first book The Theory of Moral Sentiments established his status. He sought to understand what it was that led us to care about the welfare of others. With that book complete, he gave less attention to his theories of morals and more to political economy. Later, he made the decision to give up his university post by becoming a tutor to the Duke of Buccleuch. They traveled mainly in France, where Smith came to know many of the intellectual leaders of the country. He began a dissertation on economics. It was published as The Wealth of Nations, and on this work rests the ongoing acknowledgement of him as the father of economics. He had very provocative ideas in the book. It was a work that altered the world of economics. Many say it reformed the world itself. He asserts that wealth is steadily created by rising labor output through two key factors (1) the division of labor, encouraged by trade the â€Å"natural propensity to truck, barter and exchange† and also (2) the growth of capital, made possible by the natural inclination of people toward thriftiness. For example, Smith alleged that a system of natural liberty allowed the self-interest of the person to be attached for the good of society, through what he called the â€Å"division of labor and the accumulation of capital. He argued that the free market is an clever device which regulates itself through supply and demand. His purpose was pretty clear: not to advance the interests of any class, but to push the wealth of the entire country. Whatever a nation consumes must be either produced from its labor or purchased in trade. There is no other basis for spending or a standard of living. He assumed that, in fiscal life, the main inspiring force central to man’s actions was self-interest. He argued that, with the right institutional frame, men following their own self -interest would serve the general good. This framework did not call for wide government law. The best plan is to leave the fiscal method alone. This has come to be known as free enterprise. Largely through his book, these principles helped to guide the then rapidly increasing economic activity. And wealth, as he saw it, consisted of goods which all people could consume. This was a democratic; and for that time, radical principle that he adhered to with notable stability. He produced a document that he expected to be used in the conduct of governments. The book presents a persuasive argument for a new approach to economic policy. Smith offered future economists with the makeup of the discipline of economics. His vision of a competitive market balance following a path of growth to wealth and abundance defined the problems that economists have wrestled with ever since†¦ His purely scientific contribution has been vast, and in its basic structure his framework still remains the heart of modern economics. On one level, it is an attack on the opinions of his people written for its own time and directed against the existing policies of government. On another level, it is an optimistic thesis that deals with basic troubles of order in human society†¦ It is an enthralling mix of ideas. In the most radical age of Western culture, when the uproar of social and intellectual upheaval puzzled lesser men, Adam Smith gave the world order. He did not invent the market or economics. He taught the world about them. For nearly 75 years, his writings supplied most of what economists knew. If there are more people per the amount of GDP, the standard of living is lower. If there are fewer people, it is higher. The GDP per capita the measure of the wealth of the nation is the product of the amount of labor productivity of that nation. The available land or other natural resources is not a decisive factor. He provided the root details of what causes labor productivity to be high or low in a nation. The theme of the book is explaining how labor productivity is resolute by the extent of the division of labor the dividing of work into a much greater number of parts. When the market is very small, when the population density is sparse, it is impossible to achieve much in the way of a division of labor. The more people that could crowd into a place, the greater the amount of specialization among occupations and the greater the marginal productivity, rather than the lesser. There is still controversy about Adam Smith and his account on â€Å"the invisible hand. † Simply put the invisible hand is a notion based on the law of chance. Every person intends only his or her own gain, but though a set of policies that he referred to as the â€Å"system of natural liberty† the good of the nation would be the accidental result. His â€Å"invisible hand† is the new method of social life. He described â€Å"the invisible hand† in this way: Individuals naturally intend only their own gain, but unintentionally promote the general interest. He also suggests that ethics is based on â€Å"sentiment,† feelings of empathy between us and other people. He wrote consider how others would fairly judge their behavior before acting on matters that would involve conscience or moral judgment. The best course toward â€Å"wealth† and away from poverty and want is for a nation’s political rulers to allow for the unplanned result of self-interest, of private property rights, and of self-regulating rivalry under rules of free trade. As the economy globalizes, corporations flourish, and as societies agonize over which issues to settle according to the principles of right and wrong and which to settle according to economic principles. We see the tension between choosing to adhere to the ancient values of tradition, honor and command, or to the modern values of the business firm and the marketplace. The future global economy will tell if the invisible hand is a principle to rely on now and in the future. Though he passed away in 1790 his ideas have surely helped shape the way economists around the globe think, globally.

Confused and DazedConfused and Dazed Essay

At the risk of sounding â€Å"clichà ©-ish†, in answering the question of whether or not I thought the theme of the play was all about a man who could not make up his mind, my answer would be yes. If ever there was a man who contemplated life until it absolutely absorbed him into a pitiful peace-less mind it was Hamlet. The above mentioned clichà © is from the ever famous Act III Scene I: To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?   Ã¢â‚¬ËœTo be, or not to be’ has been quoted, misquoted, used out of context, and has been said enough that little children will know the line before they know who Hamlet is. However, to further support my answer to the above question, man has contemplated life in many different ways. For Hamlet to say ‘to be, or not to be: that is the question’ is to say he is conveying all that has him perplexed. In those ten words lies more depth of thought than can be demonstrated in the writing of this essay. But, there is hope for mankind in that some have dared to answer the question, rightly translated ‘to live or not to live?’ Is it nobler to think or act? Does the act of thinking, (in the mind to suffer), lessen the blows of life that wealth and fame can bring? Hamlet would say it makes no difference. Hamlet is not the first man to set out to perform a specific task and get side-tracked by so many distractions that grab at the mind like children in a candy store. Is it nobler? One would have to define ‘nobler.’ A good example of his more righteous (nobler) thought was trying to decide, within this same passage, if dying would be a copout to living. If he thought he could be considered a noble man by dying, then he would certainly be obliged to do so. However, there were all those other thoughts nagging at him. One such thought, sidetrack or interruption is found when he comes into the room where his mother is crying because Claudius is upset with her. The ill Claudius was feeling, though, could not be compared to what Hamlet was feeling. In a scene that can only be described as confusion trying to make sense of chaos, Hamlet manages to kill someone he suspects is Claudius hiding behind the tapestry. In the one moment he decides to act, he blows it royally (no pun intended). It is worth the mention that Hamlet does get around to doing both what he had revenged to do to Claudius and himself. But, in the end of the play there is the notion that he still could not make up his mind. Laertes forgives Hamlet for his and his father’s death and was also concerned that Hamlet would not blame him either. Hamlet does it as only Hamlet could; in his dying breath, after all the time he spent contemplating life and death he says: â€Å"Had I but time—â€Å".

Interactiv Digital Media Censorship essays

Interactiv Digital Media Censorship essays Video games are a media, just like any other. They not only affect culture, they are also affected by it. They carry certain limitations that exist on no other media. And yet, they are under the most attack. The people for censorship are not surprisingly over forty-five years of age. They first video game ever made was in 1979, almost twenty-five years after the birth of many of the pro censorship crowd. They truth is that while most people overlook it, video games carry a voluntary rating system. These ratings are much more visible than the top left corner of a television screen, or the fine printed text on a movie poster or CD case. These labels are clearly visible on the front, back and bottom of the video game box. These labels even tell you why the game is rated as it is. When parents or anti-violence advocates lay the blame on a game and its developers for being too violent, it is usually the parents fault. In many cases, parents have gotten angry with retailers who refuse to sell a Mature Rated Game directly to an eight-year-old, and not realizing that the seller is refusing sale for a reason. Even now, parents have control to limit a games violent content. Many games have settings that allow parents to remove excessive gore and strong language. As of yet, the most controversial game has been Grand Theft Auto III. This game allows you to rise through the criminal ranks of the seedy underbelly of Liberty City (a city very similar to New York). The thing the most protesters focus on is what can be done within this game. The developers were so flexible with their design that the only a few criminal acts are not possible. As disturbing as that is, it is disturbingly true. The game has obviously been rated M for Mature with warnings of extreme violence. Of the many different types of video games, the ones that take the most blame are the first person shooters or FPS, as they are commonly called. Da ...

Benefits of Science Essay Example

Benefits of Science Essay Example Benefits of Science Essay Benefits of Science Essay Daylon Coles Everybody in this country knows the benefits of having science apart of our culture. Science is the systematized body of knowledge which helps our minds to learn and discover all about everything. It improves us by developing our minds, creating advancements in technology and makes it a bit easier to live in our world. Science matters in our world and it should matter for the simple fact that without science, we would fail to make advancements in life, from a business and ethical standpoint, and it should matter because ancient civilizations which were far more advanced than us, incorporated science as their primary means of survival and advancements. Measles is a highly contagious viral illness of the respiratory system that spreads through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Historically, measles has been a life taking disease, but WHO (World Health Organizations) reported in 2006 that measles death rates dropped from 871,000 to 454,000 between 1999 and 2004, thanks to a global immunization drive. That’s about a 50 percent decrease in 5 years thanks to the advancement in Science. Living in this country you can’t fail to neglect the business aspect of it. Science has also proved to have some pros to the business aspect of life. If we were to take a look at some numbers, exclude ethics, and examine the business aspect, ’some’ people are actually generating a very good profit: In the year 2008, there were more than two dozen pharmaceutical companies that grossed over a billion dollars. In order to determine if we need science in our world, we would have to determine whether or not the world would be a more effective place without science. That would mean taking away the scientists of the world and imagining the world without it. I’ll attempt to focus on a couple of scientist and what they do and you, the reader, can determine whether or not we need these sciences: Agricultural Scientist- Study commercial plants, animals and cultivation techniques that increases the productivity of farms, Microbiologists- study bacteria, virus and fungi, Neuroscientist- study the function of the nervous system, Medical scientists- Scientists who carry out clinical trials to find revolutionary solutions in the field of medicine. So for instance, you take away the science of agriculture and you fail to have to necessary crops to produce basic means for life. You take away microbiology and you will no longer have the tools to create vaccines for diseases people encounter in everyday life. If you were to sit back for a moment, and just visualize the world without the many different braches of science, you can clearly see the world is in much need and will continue to be in dire need of science. One negative viewpoint people may try to take is that advancement in science and technology brings pollution, destroys animal life and maybe even one day it will destroy earth. People may also believe Science opposes the way humans should live, degrading our morals and encourage humans to be lazy and materialistic. These theories can potentially be true, but before fully agreeing with them ask you to imagine this scenario; If you were sitting in a room tied down to a chair with a loaded gun on the table, would the gun shoot you? It’s just you, four walls, yourself tied down to the chair and the loaded gun. Obviously the gun would not shot you. That is the same exact concept of science. It’s not the science that causes so much pollution and makes people lazy; it’s the people. If you were to take a doctor who specializes in abortions, but decides to never indulge in performing such operations, people wouldn’t see him as abusing his right. So when looking at science from a negative viewpoint remember guns don’t kill people, people kill people. No matter how you look at it, science is a vital concept in life and without it, we would be a lost civilization. Science does matter in the world and it should matter for the simple reason of progression. If you aren’t going forwards, then you’re going backwards and fortunately, science is the tool that allows us to continue to advance.