Define qualitative research, and consider its appropriateness to your Essay

Characterize subjective exploration, and think about its suitability to your own instructive examination - Essay Example Subjective exploration centers around the assortment of non-numerical information, for example, accounts and unstructured meetings. The subjective methodology is regularly connected with post-positivist, hermeneutic or valuable ways of thinking (Evers and Walker, 2005: 42). Every one of these methodologies gives analysts various ideal models or originations and perspectives on research issues and strategies. Accordingly, the ends created from every one of these systems are unique. Appropriately, system manages the techniques and standards utilized in a movement, the analyst clarify how he did the exploration, the strategies for information assortment, materials utilized, subjects met, or puts he visited. Give a nitty gritty record of how and when he completed his exploration. Clarify why he utilized the specific techniques, which he used, instead of different strategies. When an individual has chosen an examination theme, the following significant advance is to pick a proper strategy. He may settle on a subjective report, gathering information by meeting, or you may pick a quantitative technique, doing a study by methods for a self-culmination poll. So as to have a decent bit of exploration, a specialist must have an itemized arrangement of how the examination will be led. A decent examination structure not exclusively will foresee and indicate the apparently innumerable choices associated with arranging and doing information assortment, handling, and investigation, yet in addition will introduce a sensible reason for these choices. As a specialist, a few unique inquiries surface concerning which configuration to pick. The differentiation among plan and strategy must be clarified. The structure is your arrangement, while the strategy is the methods by which you explore your examination intrigue (Bassey, M. 1999, 24-26). One of the key choices an analyst must make is the means by which to operationalize their examination study. Frequently, a scientist choice to pick

Buffalo Soldier-Dreadlock Rasta? :: essays papers

Bison Soldier-Dreadlock Rasta? The Buffalo Soldier of the West and the Elimination of the Native American Race At the point when dark men initially enrolled in the United States armed force, they were believed to be insane. These were the men, who only a couple of years prior, were being oppressed in view of the shade of their skin. All through time, the dark man has endured in a bigger number of ways than we could envision. The white man took them from their country just for the sole reason for bringing in cash. They were believed to be diligent employees and steadfast. In any case, after the Civil War and the liberation of bondage, there turned into certain impression of the dark man that had never been seen or heard. Despite the fact that they were still idea to be second rate, they despite everything increased some regard with respect to the white network. In 1864, the President of the United States, Mr. Abraham Lincoln composed an announcement concerning the dark soldiers enrolled in the U.S armed force. With the compassion of the president, this is what was composed: The dark officers in the Civil war had so gallantly vindicated their masculinity on the front line where, in helping to spare the life of the republic, they have exhibited in blood their entitlement to the ballot†¦. (Cashin and others 1969 p.i) This message was the approaching of another impression of the dark man. With the assistance of President Lincoln, the dark man felt that they were en route to opportunity and balance. Be that as it may, after the death of the Incomparable Emancipator the dark man’s expectations and dreams appeared to blur quicker than they were developed. With the marking of the Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln had given the dark man one of America’s best expectations for being viewed as free. He gave them the option to cast a ballot. Be that as it may, since the death, the southern dark man couldn't cast a ballot on account of the specifications that the white southerners put on the democratic framework. Along these lines, the dark man could just clutch the last sliver of opportunity that he was given the option to have. As a result of their heroic endeavors set forth in the Civil War, the dark man was still permitted to serve in the United States armed force. In 1866 a bill was passed by Congress to permit the development of an all dark regiment. In all there would be a few unique regiments contained just dark warriors. The regiments were framed by the dark enlistees and ordinarily the obligations were done by a white official.

MIT Application Now Available

MIT Application Now Available You can now log onto MyMIT to access the application for freshman admission to MIT. MIT has its own application we are not on the Common App and our application is only available at MyMIT. Here are a couple things we want you to know as you begin filling out your application: Start by contacting your EC as soon as you are ready to schedule your interview. If you are applying for the November 1 Early Action (EA) deadline, you should set up your interview before October 20th. If you are applying for the January 1 Regular Action (RA) deadline, you should set up your interview before December 10th. This year we have an online process for submitting teacher recommendation letters and you will need to create a separate recommendations account for this, in addition to your MyMIT account. We only need your online application, and anything additional is absolutely not required or expected. But, sometimes students want to tell us about things they do outside the classroom and we are happy to accept additional information such as portfolios from visual artists, makers, performing artists, and researchers for review by MIT staff or faculty. Portfolios must be submitted by November 1 for Early Action or January 1 for Regular Action. We cannot accept non-scannable materials such as CDs, DVDs, books, slides, certificate binders, or newspaper clippings. But, if there are other pieces of scannable information that you feel would add depth to your application, you can download and print an MIT Supplemental Document Cover Sheet from your MyMIT account and attach it to any non-required document you submit. If you are mailing materials to MIT, please use this address: MIT Undergraduate Admissions Processing Center P.O. Box 404 Randolph, MA 02368 You should be sure to frequently check the email account that you list on your application. If we have any questions or announcements, this will likely be the place to find such communications. If you have in previous years applied to MIT or started an application to MIT, you will not be able to create your new MyMIT account and begin your application until early October. Please be patient. Thats it for now. Watch your mailboxes and check your email. Well be sending you information, tips, and updates from time to time. And were here to help, so feel free to ask questions. Im looking forward to reading your application! MIT Application now available Happy September! You can now log onto MyMIT to access the application for freshman admission to MIT. Your MyMIT page includes interview information, personalized MIT recommendation forms and cover sheets, and the ability to track the different parts of your application. On your MyMIT site, you will find the contact information for your MIT interviewer, or Educational Counselor (EC), within a couple days of registering. You should contact your EC as soon as your are ready to schedule the interview, but well before the application deadline. Remember, if you are applying for the November 1 Early Action (EA) deadline, you should set up your interview before October 20th. If you are applying for the January 1 Regular Action (RA) deadline, you should set up your interview before December 10th. From MyMIT, you should print out personalized teacher recommendation forms. Teachers may use their own forms and format, but please include the personalized teacher recommendation form with each recommendation letter. You will submit your part of the application online via MyMIT. However, if there are additional materials that you need to mail to us, note that we will read your application online; printed materials that are mailed to us will be scanned. I recommend that you consider things like staples and binding, and ability to be viewed in a 2-D environment, before mailing us any additional materials. If you need to mail us any additional materials, please include the MIT Supplemental Document Cover Sheet available in the Application Forms section of MyMIT with your materials. If you send us additional materials more than once, please be sure to include the cover sheet each time. You should be sure to frequently check the email account that you list on your application. If we have any questions or announcements, this will likely be the place for such communications. Please note that MIT is not a member of the Common Application. MIT has its own application, which is only available at MyMIT. Also note: if you have in previous years applied to MIT or started an application to MIT, you will not be able to create your new MyMIT account and begin your application until early October. Please be patient besides, you already know how the app works. I think thats it, for now, anyway. As the admissions season progresses, well have lots of application updates and tips here on the blogs. It should be an exciting year ahead. I look forward to reading your application!

How to Add Resource Files in Delphi Executables

Games and other types of applications which use multimedia files like sounds and animations must either distribute the extra multimedia files along with the application or embed the files within the executable. Rather than distribute separate files for your applications use, you can add the raw data to your application as a resource. You can then retrieve the data from your application when it is needed. This technique is generally more desirable because it can keep others from manipulating those add-in files. This article will show you how to embed (and use) sound files, video clips, animations and more generally any kind of binary files in a Delphi executable. For the most general purpose, youll see how to put an MP3 file inside a Delphi exe. Resource Files (.RES) In the Resource Files Made Easy article you were presented with several examples of the use of bitmaps, icons, and cursors from resources. As stated in that article we can use the Image Editor to create and edit resources that consist of such types of files. Now, when we are interested in storing various types of (binary) files inside a Delphi executable well have to deal with resource script files (.rc), the Borland Resource Compiler tool and other. Including several binary files in your executable consists of 5 steps: Create and/or collect all the files you wish to put in an exe.Create a resource script file (.rc) that describes those resources used by your application,Compile the resource script file (.rc) file to create a resource file (.res),Link the compiled resource file into the application’s executable file,Use individual resource element. The first step should be simple, simply decide what types of files you would like to store in your executable. For example, we will store two .wav songs, one .ani animations and one .mp3 song. Before we move on, here are a few important statements concerning limitations when working with resources: Loading and unloading resources is not a time-consuming operation. Resources are part of the applications executable file and are loaded at the same time the application runs.All the (free) memory can be used when loading/unloading resources. In other words, there are no limits on the number of resources loaded at the same time.Of course, resource files do double the size of an executable. If you want smaller executables, consider placing resources and parts of your project in a dynamic link library (DLL) or its more specialized variation. Lets now see how to create a file that describes resources. Creating a Resource Script File (.RC) A resource script file is a just a simple text file with the extension .rc that lists resources. The script file is in this format: ResName1 ResTYPE1 ResFileName1ResName2 ResTYPE2 ResFileName2...ResNameX ResTYPEX ResFileNameX... RexName specifies either a unique name or an integer value (ID) that identifies the resource. ResType describes the type of resource and the ResFileName is the full path and file name to the individual resource file. To create a new resource script file, simply do the following: Create a new text file in your projects directory.Rename it to AboutDelphi.rc. In the AboutDelphi.rc file, have the following lines: Clock WAVE c:\mysounds\projects\clock.wavMailBeep WAVE c:\windows\media\newmail.wavCool AVI cool.aviIntro RCDATA introsong.mp3 The script file simply defines resources. Following the given format the AboutDelphi.rc script lists two .wav files, one .avi animation, and one .mp3 song. All statements in a .rc file associate an identifying name, type and file name for a given resource. There are about a dozen predefined resource types. These include icons, bitmaps, cursors, animations, songs, etc. The RCDATA defines generic data resources. RCDATA let you include a raw data resource for an application. Raw data resources permit the inclusion of binary data directly in the executable file. For example, the RCDATA statement above names the application’s binary resource Intro and specifies the file introsong.mp3, which contains the song for that MP3 file. Note: make sure you have all the resources you list in your .rc file available. If the files are inside your projects directory you dont have to include the full file name. In my .rc file .wav songs are located *somewhere* on the disk and both the animation and MP3 song are located in the projects directory. Creating a Resource File (.RES) To use the resources defined in the resource script file, we must compile it to a .res file with the Borlands Resource Compiler. The resource compiler creates a new file based on the contents of the resource script file. This file usually has an .res extension. The Delphi linker will later reformat the .res file into a resource object file and then link it to the executable file of an application. The Borlands Resource Compiler command line tool is located in the Delphi Bin directory. The name is BRCC32.exe. Simply go to the command prompt and type brcc32 then press Enter. Since the Delphi\Bin directory is in your Path the Brcc32 compiler is invoked and displays the usage help (since it was called with no parameters). To compile the AboutDelphi.rc file to a .res file execute this command at the command prompt (in the projects directory): BRCC32 AboutDelphi.RC By default, when compiling resources, BRCC32 names the compiled resource (.RES) file with the base name of the .RC file and places it in the same directory as the .RC file. You can name the resource file anything you want, as long as it has the extension .RES and the filename without the extension is not the same as any unit or project filename. This is important because, by default, each Delphi project that compiles into an application has a resource file with the same name as the project file, but with the extension .RES. Its best to save the file to the same directory as your project file. Including (Linking/Embedding) Resources to Executables After the .RES file is linked to the executable file, the application can load its resources at run time as needed. To actually use the resource, youll have to make a few Windows API calls. In order to follow the article, youll need a new Delphi project with a blank form (the default new project). Of course add the {$R AboutDelphi.RES} directive to the main forms unit. Its finally time to see how to use resources in a Delphi application. As mentioned above, in order to use resources stored inside an exe file we have to deal with API. However, several methods can be found in the Delphi help files that are resource enabled. For example, take a look at the LoadFromResourceName method of a TBitmap object. This method extracts the specified bitmap resource and assigns it TBitmap object. This is *exactly* what LoadBitmap API call does. As always Delphi has improved an API function call to suit your needs better. Now, add the TMediaPlayer component to a form (name: MediaPlayer1) and add a TButton (Button2). Let the OnClick event look like: One minor *problem* is that the application creates an MP3 song on a user machine. You could add a code that deletes that file before the application is terminated. Extracting *. Of course, every other type of a binary file can be stored as a RCDATA type. The TRsourceStream is designed specially to help us extract such file from an executable. The possibilities are endless: HTML in an exe, EXE in exe, empty database in an exe, and so and so forth.

The Effects Of Pre Trial Release Programs - 1563 Words

Pre-Trial Release Programs lets individuals be released prior to trial with conditions. Some of these conditions are that you have to pay cash, wear an ankle bracelet while being on house arrest, be alcohol/drug tested, or even be watched/monitored. Pretrial release programs can be denied for capital offenses. The law allows release on personal recognizance of an unsecured appearance bond. â€Å"Common conditions: commercial surety, cash deposit, property bond, other secured bonds, supervision and additional requirements†. (http://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/pretrial-release-conditions.aspx) Electronic monitoring is authorized for any defendant eligible for release. A minimum of 500 dollars bond is required for failure to appear while on pretrial release. There are several different options that judicial officials have at the disposal when setting a defendants pretrial release conditions five basic conditions that a judge or magistrate may set, NC statute lists them in 15A-534(a). There is the first one which is the release on written promise to appear. This option basically allows the defendant to be released without paying any type of bond, as long as he promises to appear in court on his written court date. The second option is to release the defendant upon his execution of an unsecured appearance bond. An unsecured bond is one that is backed only by the integrity of the defendant. No assets or collateral is required to be posted on this type of bond. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Major Challenges Facing the Criminal Justice System1322 Words   |  6 Pagesits highest levels since 2004, when federal prisons were 41 percent beyond capacity. As more and more inmates are crammed into ever tightening living spaces increases in violent incide nts are surly going to rise. â€Å"Overcrowding in prisons negatively effect the mental and physical health of both the inmates and prison staff† (GAO, 2012). Inmates in overcrowded prisons have a higher rate of illness and mental health issues than the general population. For example, an estimated 37% of inmates have hypertensionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Pre Trial Release On The United States 1582 Words   |  7 PagesRace Effects Paulsen’s review in â€Å"Pre-Trial Release in the United States† examined â€Å"one of the worst episodes of racial disturbance in the history of the United States† when over 4,000 people were arrested and over half were charged with felonies in Los Angeles, California (1966, pg. 109). Paulsen provides a clear cut charge to a question many ask, â€Å"bail problems are constitutional problems in the United States† (1966, pg. 110). 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Sources of subjects Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi Methods of selectingRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Reentry Programs On Reducing Juvenile Recidivism Essay943 Words   |  4 Pages Long-term Effects of Reentry Programs On   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reducing Juvenile Recidivism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   By: Tiffany Gilliam La Salle University PHLT 752: Capstone I Introduction Nearly, 5% of the world s population is represented by the United who possesses 25% of the world s prisoners (Liptak, 2008). 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Closed Loop Motor Speed Control Free Essays

INTRODUCTION 1. 1 In order to be able to build a closed loop controller, you need some mean of gaining information about the rotation of the shaft like the  number of revolutions executed per second, or even the precise angle of the shaft. This source of information about the shaft of the motor is called â€Å"feed-back† because it sends back information from the controlled actuator to the controller. We will write a custom essay sample on Closed Loop Motor Speed Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 2 METHODOLOGY: LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR The methodology of our project is shown in the block diagram in fig 1. 1 . LCD DISPLAY MOTOR DRIVER MOTOR INPUTS MCU MOTOR CONTROLLER Fig 1. 1: Block Diagram of DC Motor Speed Control 1. INPUTS: User defined or user desirable speed are fed to the MCU block or microcontrller through numerical keyboard. 2. MCU: The main controlling unit which takes as well as sends signal to control the speed of the motor and displays the speed as well. 3. MOTOR CONTROLLER: It takes the reference signal from MCU and convert it into required voltage. 4. MOTOR DRIVER: The required power to drive the motor will be fed by the motor driver. 5. MOTOR: The motor now runs at the desired speed as given. 6. LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR: Here laser speed sensor circuit is used to drive the speed of the motor and feeds the equivalent signal to the MCU. . LCD DISPLAY: Displays the obtained speed. 1. 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: 1. 4 WORK PLAN: In this semester we are planning to design the optical tachometer and learn the basic operation of the microcontroller. START Doing some literature survey and studying the project Design the block diagram of the whole circuit Design the circuitry for each blocks Testing th e hardware for the blocks Make changes to the circuitry. Is the hardware working properly NO Test the changes Integrating different block together YES Testing the assembled circuit Make some modification in the circuit Is the model working properly STOP Documentation NO YES Fig 1. 4: Flowchart Showing the Methodology of the Project. 1. 7 CONCLUSION In this project we learn about optical tachometer using microcontroller, its uses and advantages. We can implement this knowledge in further application of using microcontroller. Through this microcontroller we can arrange a pattern of speed. This can be easily done with microcontroller but through other technique it becomes difficult because using microcontroller we just have to change the software to change the speed. But in other technique the complete hardware has to be changed. The speed of the motor can be changed by using duty cycle. REFERENCE: 1] Peter Nawfel,†Laser Based Non Contact Speed Sensor Reduces Breaks On High Speed Unwind†,Paper Age,Nov/Dec 2003. [2] Priya Duggal,†Microcontroller Based Speed control of DC Motor Through RS-232 Interface With PC. †International Journal of Advances in Electronics Engineering. [3] Azim Fauza Bin Md khair,† The Motor Speed System Usi ng Infrared System †,May 2008, http//www. google. com [4] R. Arulmozhiyal,etal. ,† Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Based Speed Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy PI Controller†, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Volume. 1, No. 1, April 2009. [5] Rohit Gupta,etal. †Thyristor Based Speed Control Techniques of DC Motor: A Comparative Analysis†,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012. [6] Atul Kumar Dewangan,etal. ,† PWM Based Automatic Closed Loop Speed Control of DC Motor†, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology,Volume 3,Issue 2,2012. [7] Ashok Kusagur,etal. ,† Modelling of Induction Motor Control Of Speed Using Hybrid Controller Technology†, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. [8] Sanjeev Kumar,etal. ,† Speed Control Of Separately Excited DC Motor Using Neuro Fuzzy Technique†,http//www. oo gle. com,2009-2010. [9] Sarat Kumar Sahoo,etal. ,† Touch Screen based Speed Control of Single Phase Induction Motor†, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 2 (6), 2010, 392-396. [10] Sharanbasappa. B. Belamgi,etal. ,† Speed Control Of AC/DC Motor Using Single Phase Line-Interactive Power Supply†, World Journal of Science and Technology, 2011. [11] Amir Faizy,etal. ,† DC Motor Control Using Chopper†, http//www. google. com. [12] Hussein TH. Khamees,†Design and Implementation of speed control Induction Machine by Using Interface programming†, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol. , Issue. 3, May-June 2012 pp-1334-1338. [13] M. V. Ramesh,etal. † Speed Control Of Brushless DC Motor By Using Fuzzy Logic PI Controller†, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Volume 6, NO. 9, September 2011. [14] Donato Pasquariello,etal. , â€Å"Remote-Touch: A Laser Input User– Display Interaction Technology†, JournalL of Display Technology, Volume 4, NO. 1, March 2008. [15] Mehdi Ghazavi Dozein,etal. , â€Å"Speed Control of DC Motor Using Different Optimization Techniques Based PID Controller†, Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research,2(7)6488-6494, 2012. [16] V. Bhaskar,etal. â€Å"GSM Based Motor Monitoring and Speed Control†, International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (IJMIE), ISSN No. 2231 –6477, Volume-1, Issue-2, 2011. [17] G. Gurusamy,etal. ,† Design of Speed Controller for Speed Control of Converter Fed DC Motor Drive using Model Order Reduction Technique†, European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 76 No. 2 (2012), pp. 288-299. [18] Ahmed Rhif ,â€Å"Stabilizing Sliding Mode Control Design And Application For a DC Motor: Speed Control†, International Journal of Instrumentation and Control Systems (IJICS), Vol. 2, No. 1, January 2012. [19] M. Dechrit,etal. † Wheelchair Stabilizing by Controlling the Speed Control of its DC Motor†, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 58 2011. [20] R. P. Dhobale,etal. ,† FPGA Implementation of Three-Phase Induction Motor Speed Control Using Fuzzy Logic and Logic Based PWM Technique†, 1st International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering Technology, Mar-2012 Special Issue of International Journal of electronics, Communication Soft Computing Science Engineering, ISSN: 2277-9477. [21] â€Å"Internal Peripheral Of AVR MCUs†,Extreme Electronics. [22] â€Å"Pin Configuration of AT mega 16†, Extreme Electronics. How to cite Closed Loop Motor Speed Control, Papers

Closed Loop Motor Speed Control Free Essays

INTRODUCTION 1. 1 In order to be able to build a closed loop controller, you need some mean of gaining information about the rotation of the shaft like the  number of revolutions executed per second, or even the precise angle of the shaft. This source of information about the shaft of the motor is called â€Å"feed-back† because it sends back information from the controlled actuator to the controller. We will write a custom essay sample on Closed Loop Motor Speed Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 2 METHODOLOGY: LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR The methodology of our project is shown in the block diagram in fig 1. 1 . LCD DISPLAY MOTOR DRIVER MOTOR INPUTS MCU MOTOR CONTROLLER Fig 1. 1: Block Diagram of DC Motor Speed Control 1. INPUTS: User defined or user desirable speed are fed to the MCU block or microcontrller through numerical keyboard. 2. MCU: The main controlling unit which takes as well as sends signal to control the speed of the motor and displays the speed as well. 3. MOTOR CONTROLLER: It takes the reference signal from MCU and convert it into required voltage. 4. MOTOR DRIVER: The required power to drive the motor will be fed by the motor driver. 5. MOTOR: The motor now runs at the desired speed as given. 6. LASER BASED SPEED SENSOR: Here laser speed sensor circuit is used to drive the speed of the motor and feeds the equivalent signal to the MCU. . LCD DISPLAY: Displays the obtained speed. 1. 3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: 1. 4 WORK PLAN: In this semester we are planning to design the optical tachometer and learn the basic operation of the microcontroller. START Doing some literature survey and studying the project Design the block diagram of the whole circuit Design the circuitry for each blocks Testing th e hardware for the blocks Make changes to the circuitry. Is the hardware working properly NO Test the changes Integrating different block together YES Testing the assembled circuit Make some modification in the circuit Is the model working properly STOP Documentation NO YES Fig 1. 4: Flowchart Showing the Methodology of the Project. 1. 7 CONCLUSION In this project we learn about optical tachometer using microcontroller, its uses and advantages. We can implement this knowledge in further application of using microcontroller. Through this microcontroller we can arrange a pattern of speed. This can be easily done with microcontroller but through other technique it becomes difficult because using microcontroller we just have to change the software to change the speed. But in other technique the complete hardware has to be changed. The speed of the motor can be changed by using duty cycle. REFERENCE: 1] Peter Nawfel,†Laser Based Non Contact Speed Sensor Reduces Breaks On High Speed Unwind†,Paper Age,Nov/Dec 2003. [2] Priya Duggal,†Microcontroller Based Speed control of DC Motor Through RS-232 Interface With PC. †International Journal of Advances in Electronics Engineering. [3] Azim Fauza Bin Md khair,† The Motor Speed System Usi ng Infrared System †,May 2008, http//www. google. com [4] R. Arulmozhiyal,etal. ,† Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Based Speed Control of Induction Motor using Fuzzy PI Controller†, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Volume. 1, No. 1, April 2009. [5] Rohit Gupta,etal. †Thyristor Based Speed Control Techniques of DC Motor: A Comparative Analysis†,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2012. [6] Atul Kumar Dewangan,etal. ,† PWM Based Automatic Closed Loop Speed Control of DC Motor†, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology,Volume 3,Issue 2,2012. 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